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Archive for the ‘personal finances’ Category

Short term

28 Jun

What is a short term loan?

Short term loans are offered by different lenders, ranging from trusted payday loan lenders to even colleges. Short term loans are due within a set amount of time, usually less than a year, depending on the lending institution you used to receive the loan.

Some colleges offer short term loans to students. The borrower must be a student and must be able to show that the loan can be repaid in a certain amount of time. If a student is expected to receive student loans or other student aid, the college may lend a higher amount.

Short term loans are offered by brick and mortar stores around cities or via the internet. These are unsecured, high interest loans that are usually due with the deposit of the borrower’s next paycheck. For example, a payday advance company may offer a loan and charge $30 for each $100 borrowed.

Banks also offer short term loans. These loans can have a maturity date as early as 60 to 120 days from the date of inception of the loan. Bank short term loans can also mature up to one to three years after the inception of the loan. The terms depend on the bank and the amount of money borrowed.

Many banks may also require collateral, depending again, on the amount borrowed. The smaller the loan, the less likely the lender or bank is to ask for collateral. The application process is also a bit longer because the bank will check the borrower’s credit to be sure the borrower has the ability to pay the loan back. They may also look at a borrower’s personal credit score to determine whether to grant a short term loan. Banks may offer short term loans for a lower annual percentage rate than a payday loan service.

If you read the cautionary literature handed out by nonprofit debt management agencies and by consumer advocacy groups, short term loans in any form may seem terrifying. However, they can provide a lifeline for you if extraordinary circumstances put you in the position of needing cash fast.

 
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Posted in business, business competition, credit score, economy, finances, get out of debt, income, money tips, payday loans, personal finances

 

Synthetic CDOs transfer credit risk

02 Jan

145Cash CDOs are collateralized by a portfolio of cash assets and the entire liability structure is used to fund the purchase of collateral. Synthetic CDOs transfer credit risk from the CDO issuer to CDO note holders through CDS. The synthetic CDO normally funds only a small portion of the notional value of the credit exposure. Therefore the weighted average cost of liabilities are much smaller for a synthetic CDO because of the unfunded super senior tranche (around 85–90 percent of the capital structure) which leads to a higher return on the equity tranche.

Other advantages of synthetic CDOs are as follows:

  • diversify away from frequent issuers in the bond market
  • no restrictions in terms of volume
  • ability to tailor maturity.

A synthetic CDO referencing investment grade CDS can be structured with much higher leverage compared to a high-yield CBO. The equity in a synthetic deal normally ranges from 2 to 5 percent, which equates to 20–50 times leverage. Equity in a high-yield CBO is around 10 percent on average (10 times leverage).

 
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Posted in cash reserves, making money, merger, payday loans, personal finances

 

The credit and economic risks

19 Dec

A synthetic CDO is an investment in which the underlying collateral is a portfolio of CDS. The issuer does not own the underlying assets but retains the credit and economic risks. The recent CDOs make use of “unfunded” senior tranches. The super senior investor will enter into a CDS with the SPV. The super senior is typically unfunded, matching the unfunded nature of CDS. The super senior tranche provides second-loss credit protection. As in cash CDOs, the rated note and equity pieces are generally funded. Synthetic deals can have a final maturity of 5–7 years.

Example: Collateral pool No of reference entities: 100 Notional amount of CDS: Euro 5 million Total size: Euro 500 million The example details a possible tranching of a 500 million portfolio into four tranches. Losses in the portfolio up to 5 percent (Euro 25 million of losses in total) would result in a complete write-down of the equity tranche. Further losses in the portfolio in excess of 5 percent and up to 9.5 percent (losses of Euro 47.5 million in total) would then result in a write-down of principal in the mezzanine tranche. If each credit had a 50 percent recovery rate, each default in the underlying portfolio would result in a loss of Euro 2.5 million. Therefore, it would take 10 defaults to write-down the equity tranche.

 
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Posted in business competition, credit, international markets, money guide, money issues, personal finances

 

Have confidence to develop a credit

25 Oct

If these new products do not exist, you can have the confidence to develop them.

Another way in which customer loyalty drives profitability is through the ability to increase prices to loyal customers, because, of all the possible purchasers, they are the ones best placed to understand the value of your products. Loyal customers do not typically require discounts or product add-ons to stay with you. If they are happy with the product or service they are buying and if it is competitive, they will not normally be tempted away. Clearly, this depends on variables such as the nature of the market, but there is an element of inertia in most markets.

Loyal customers can also be used to help with market testing of new products. This not only saves money in testing through other means, but it is also often much more effective.

 
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Posted in bonds, business, credit, credit cards, international markets, loans guide, personal finances, pricing policy, shares

 

Developing a credit’s lifetime value

23 Oct

The concept of customer lifetime value is not new, but it is worth considering how customer loyalty and repeat business develop profitability.

Most obviously, the longer customers stay with the business the more they will spend over time. This is profitable because having sold once, there is likely to be less need to market or sell to them to attract them back; the only requirement is to focus on the quality of the value proposition. Loyal customers also provide a base on which to build market share, which in turn provides a platform from which to develop new commercial opportunities. For example, it can be used to attract advertisers or to entrench the business’s position in the market.

Repeat business often leads to referral revenue. If customers are pleased with the service they will tell others, and they can be offered incentives to do so. Satisfied customers may be receptive to new products as well as (or instead of) their original purchase. By clearly understanding what the customer wants, you can cross-sell other products.

 
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Posted in income, international markets, loans guide, personal finances, pricing policy, revenue, shareholders, shares

 

Measuring the profitability of credit

20 Oct

This will help to determine the structure, resources, direction and development of the sales effort, enabling the business to develop its activities.

To achieve this, customer analysis should highlight profit per customer, identifying the best and least profitable customers. It is also important to understand the characteristics of the most profitable customers, both tocontinue to meet their needs and to support tailored marketing campaigns that will attract the right customers.

Customer profitability can be measured by analysing two things: customer revenue and customer costs, including defection and retention costs. Some of the most important are listed in Table 12.1. Identifying the most and least profitable customers enables current and future initiatives to be targeted at the most profitable customers. It may also allow the business to find ways of reducing the costs of doing business with the least profitable customers.

 
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Posted in money guide, money issues, money management, money tips, payday loans, personal finances, pricing policy

 

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